Safety signs are posted in work areas.
Careless workers are disciplined and careful workers are rewarded.
No unauthorized operations are performed.
All operations are supervised properly.
PERSONNEL SAFETY
Hazard Assessment
Assessment of risk will be performed on all new or modified industrial operations and facilities involving
ammunition and explosives. The assessment should include the following factors:
Initiation sensitivity.
Quantity of materials.
Heat output.
Rate of burning.
Potential ignition and ignition source.
Personal exposure.
Permissible Exposure
Workers should be protected from potential blast overpressures, fragments, thermal effects, and circulatory
hazards.
Blast Overpressure. Blast overpressure refers to the violent release of energy from a detonation that gives rise to
a sudden increase in gas pressure. This sudden increase is the blast or shock wave. The blast wave, with
concurrent overpressure, rises rapidly at its source, reaches a peak and then decreases as it radiates out from its
source, acting on structures and personnel.
Fragment Distance. The fragment distance for a particular ammunition or explosive item is based on the range
and density equal to at least 58 foot-pounds of impact energy per fragment in an area of 600 square feet or less.
Thermal Effects. Thermal shielding should be used if available. This may be a fire blanket or thermal protective
clothing as used by the fire department.
Circulatory Hazards. Individuals in the area should have the current service mask or a SCBA when working in a
highly toxic or oxygen deficient environment.
MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT SAFETY
Operation of MHE requires extreme caution. The design and size of this equipment often limits vision and makes
movement awkward. Signs should be posted in the immediate area where MHE is operating. Safety rules should
be established for MHE operators and those working near such equipment, and should be enforced. For
example, personnel should never be allowed to approach MHE from the operator's blind side. Size and load
limits must be established and enforced. Operators must be aware of the danger and responsibility involved.
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MM0149
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