Introduction - MM50000005
Introduction to Timers
Introduction to Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Figure 1. Periodic nonsinusoidal waveforms
Section II. Frequency-Response Analysis and Transient Response
Section III. Nonsinusoidal Waveform Composition
Nonsinusoidal Waveforms In Common Use
Figure 3. Composition of a short pulse with a long-time interval
Figure 4. Sawtooth wave composition
Figure 5. A square wave with low harmonic content
Figure 6. Highfrequency response to a rectangular wave
Effects of harmonics on pulseduration time
Figure 8. Sawtooth wave frequency response
Section V. Summary and Review
Types of Timers
Types of Timers cont'd
Figure 9. Representative method of timing radar systems
Figure 10. Typical timing of an oscilloscope
Figure 11. Time relationship of timing pulses
Figure 12. Externally synchronized timer block diagram
Figure 12a. Externally synchronized timer block diagram
Figure 13. Timer waveforms
Master oscillator (V1)
Multivibrator (V8)
Practice Exercise - MM50000046
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000048
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000050
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000052
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000054
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000056
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000057
Answer to Practice Exercises - MM50000058
Answer to Practice Exercises cont'd
Applications of RC and RL Circuits
Figure 16. Pulse reference periods
Section I. Series RL Circuit Response
Figure 17. RL circuit response to a step voltage
Figure 18. Universal time constant chart for series RL Circuit
Section II. RL Time Constants
Effect on Time Constant of Varying L and R
Table I. Voltage and current values when a positive step voltage is applied to a series RL circuit
Figure 19. Series RL circuit
Table II. Voltage and current values when positive step voltage is applied to a series RL circuit
Figure 20. Universal time constant for a series RC circuit
Section IV. Time Constants
Effect of Varying R and C
Table III. Voltage and current values when a positive DC is applied to a series RC circuit
Practical Applications of RC and RL Circuits
Figure 21. Response of a series RL circuit to an ideal rectangular pulse
Figure 22. Pulse with finite rise and decay times
Figure 23. Output voltage sources in RC and RL circuits
Response of an RC circuit - MM50000090
Figure 24. Effect of mediumtime constant squarewave input
Response of an RC circuit. cont'd
Figure 25. Waveshapes for shorttime constant RC circuit
Figure 26. Waveshapes for longtime constant RC circuit
Response of RL circuit cont'd
Figure 27. Effect of medium RL time constant
Figure 28. Effect of short RL time constant
Figure 29. Effect of long RL time constant
Response of an RC circuit - MM50000104
Figure 30. Response of RC circuit to triangular wave input
Figure 31. Capacitor and resistor voltages with triangular wave input
Figure 32. Varying the time constant with triangular wave input
Section III. High-Pass RC Circuit
Figure 33. Input and output pulses for a highpass, shorttimeconstant, series RC circuit
Long-Time Constant - MM50000112
Figure 34. Input and output pulses for a highpass, longtimeconstant, series RC circuit
Section IV. Low-Pass RC Circuit
Figure 35. Input and output pulses for a lowpass, shorttimeconstant, series RC circuit
Long-Time Constant - MM50000118
Figure 36. Input and output pulses for a lowpass, longtimeconstant, series RC circuit.
Section V. High-Pass RL Circuit
Figure 37. Input and output pulses for a highpass, shorttimeconstant, series RL circuit
Short-Time Constant
Figure 38. Input and output pulses for a long timeconstant series RL circuit
Section VI Low Pass RL Circuit
Figure 39. Input and output pulses for lowpass, shorttimeconstant, series RL circuit.
Long-Time Constant - MM50000129
Figure 40. Input and output pulses for a lowpass, longtimeconstant, series RL circuit
Section VII. RC Pulse-Shaping Circuits
Figure 41. Differentiator circuit input and output pulses
Differentation cont'd
Figure 42. Differentiator circuit output for common waveforms
Integration
Figure 43. Integrator circuit input and output pulses
Figure 44. Differentiator circuit input and output pulses
Integrator
Figure 46. Integrator circuit input and output pulses
Section IX. Summary and Review
Review Questions
Review Questions cont'd
Practice Exercise - MM50000151
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000153
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000155
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000157
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000159
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000161
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000163
Answer to Practice Exercise - MM50000164
Answer to Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000165
Answer to Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000167
Timing Circuits
Introduction to Timers
Introduction to Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Figure 1. Periodic nonsinusoidal waveforms
Section II. Frequency-Response Analysis and Transient Response
Section III. Nonsinusoidal Waveform Composition
Nonsinusoidal Waveforms In Common Use
Figure 3. Composition of a short pulse with a long-time interval
Figure 4. Sawtooth wave composition
Figure 5. A square wave with low harmonic content
Figure 6. Highfrequency response to a rectangular wave
Effects of harmonics on pulseduration time
Figure 8. Sawtooth wave frequency response
Section V. Summary and Review
Types of Timers
Types of Timers cont'd
Figure 9. Representative method of timing radar systems
Figure 10. Typical timing of an oscilloscope
Figure 11. Time relationship of timing pulses
Figure 12. Externally synchronized timer block diagram
Figure 12a. Externally synchronized timer block diagram
Figure 13. Timer waveforms
Master oscillator (V1)
Multivibrator (V8)
Practice Exercise - MM50000046
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000048
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000050
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000052
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000054
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000056
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000057
Answer to Practice Exercises - MM50000058
Answer to Practice Exercises cont'd
Applications of RC and RL Circuits
Figure 16. Pulse reference periods
Section I. Series RL Circuit Response
Figure 17. RL circuit response to a step voltage
Figure 18. Universal time constant chart for series RL Circuit
Section II. RL Time Constants
Effect on Time Constant of Varying L and R
Table I. Voltage and current values when a positive step voltage is applied to a series RL circuit
Figure 19. Series RL circuit
Table II. Voltage and current values when positive step voltage is applied to a series RL circuit
Figure 20. Universal time constant for a series RC circuit
Section IV. Time Constants
Effect of Varying R and C
Table III. Voltage and current values when a positive DC is applied to a series RC circuit
Practical Applications of RC and RL Circuits
Figure 21. Response of a series RL circuit to an ideal rectangular pulse
Figure 22. Pulse with finite rise and decay times
Figure 23. Output voltage sources in RC and RL circuits
Response of an RC circuit - MM50000090
Figure 24. Effect of mediumtime constant squarewave input
Response of an RC circuit. cont'd
Figure 25. Waveshapes for shorttime constant RC circuit
Figure 26. Waveshapes for longtime constant RC circuit
Response of RL circuit cont'd
Figure 27. Effect of medium RL time constant
Figure 28. Effect of short RL time constant
Figure 29. Effect of long RL time constant
Response of an RC circuit - MM50000104
Figure 30. Response of RC circuit to triangular wave input
Figure 31. Capacitor and resistor voltages with triangular wave input
Figure 32. Varying the time constant with triangular wave input
Section III. High-Pass RC Circuit
Figure 33. Input and output pulses for a highpass, shorttimeconstant, series RC circuit
Long-Time Constant - MM50000112
Figure 34. Input and output pulses for a highpass, longtimeconstant, series RC circuit
Section IV. Low-Pass RC Circuit
Figure 35. Input and output pulses for a lowpass, shorttimeconstant, series RC circuit
Long-Time Constant - MM50000118
Figure 36. Input and output pulses for a lowpass, longtimeconstant, series RC circuit.
Section V. High-Pass RL Circuit
Figure 37. Input and output pulses for a highpass, shorttimeconstant, series RL circuit
Short-Time Constant
Figure 38. Input and output pulses for a long timeconstant series RL circuit
Section VI Low Pass RL Circuit
Figure 39. Input and output pulses for lowpass, shorttimeconstant, series RL circuit.
Long-Time Constant - MM50000129
Figure 40. Input and output pulses for a lowpass, longtimeconstant, series RL circuit
Section VII. RC Pulse-Shaping Circuits
Figure 41. Differentiator circuit input and output pulses
Differentation cont'd
Figure 42. Differentiator circuit output for common waveforms
Integration
Figure 43. Integrator circuit input and output pulses
Figure 44. Differentiator circuit input and output pulses
Integrator
Figure 46. Integrator circuit input and output pulses
Section IX. Summary and Review
Review Questions
Review Questions cont'd
Practice Exercise - MM50000151
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000153
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000155
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000157
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000159
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000161
Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000163
Answer to Practice Exercise - MM50000164
Answer to Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000165
Answer to Practice Exercise cont'd - MM50000167
Timing Circuits
