Introduction - MM04740005
Introduction to Power Measurement
The Nature of Microwave Power and Power Measurements
Figure 1. Power Wave Forms
Methods of Measurement
Special Equipment for High Power Measurement
Special Equipment for High Power Measurement cont'd
Exercises for Lesson 1 - MM04740012
Exercises for Lesson 1 cont'd - MM04740013
Power Measurements Equipment, Part I
Figure 1. Model 431C power meter
Table 1. Specifications
Table 2. Model 431C Thermistor Mounts
Controls, Connectors, and Indicators
Figure 2. Front and Rear Panel Controls, Connectors, and Indicators
Figure 3. Turn On and Nulling Procedure.
Mismatch Error
Figure 4. Conjugate Mismatch-Loss Chart.
Figure 5. Expanded Conjugate Mismatch-Loss Chart Covering
Figure 6. Limits of Error Before Correction.
Calibration Factor and Effective Efficiency - MM04740025
Calibration Factor cont'd
Figure 7. Total Uncertainty After Correction.
Block Diagram
Figure 8. Block Diagram, Model 431C.
Figure 9. RF Detection Bridge.
Compensation and Metering Bridge Circuit
Synchronous Detector
Figure 11. Synchronous Detector.
Fiwgure 12. Feedback Differential Amplifier.
Figure 13. Feedback Current Generator.
Figure 14. Meter Circuit.
Figure 15. DC Calibration and Substitution.
Figure 16. Power Switch Arrangement.
Figure 17. Model 432A Power Meter.
Table 3. Specifications.
Introduction - MM04740041
Figure 18. Front Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators.
Figure 19. Rear Panel Controls and Connectors.
Figure 20. Turn On and Zeroing Procedure.
Microwave Power Measurement Accuracy
Calibration Factor and Effective Efficiency - MM04740046
Measurement Procedure - MM04740047
Figure 21. Precision Power Measurements.
Functional Block Diagram
Figure 23. Model 432A Block Diagram.
Functional Block Diagram. cont'd - MM04740051
Functional Block Diagram. cont'd - MM04740052
Functional Block Diagram. cont'd - MM04740053
Figure 24A. Model 432A RF bridge talking schematic.
Figure 24B. Model 432A bridge talking schematic
Figure 25A. Model 432A meter logic talking schematic.
Figure 25B. Model 432A meter logic talking schematic.
Figure 26. Model 432A power supply talking schematic.
Figure 26B. Model 432A power supply talking schematic.
Model 478A Thermistor Mount
Table 5. Specifications, model 478A.
Figure 27. Maximum power meter reading versus PRF
Figure 29. Maximum power meter reading versus square
Figure 30. Schematic diagram of a model 478A thermistor
Precautions - MM04740065
Maximum Input
Figure 31. Maximum power meter reading versus PRF for pulses shorter than 250
Figure 33. Maximum power meter reading versus square and sine-wave modulation frequency
Power Measurement
Effective Efficiency
Thermoelectric Effect Error
Maintenance
Exercise for Lesson 2 - MM04740073
Exercise for Lesson 2 - MM04740074
Exercise for Lesson 2 cont'd - MM04740075
Exercise for Lesson 2 cont'd - MM04740076
Power Measurement Equipment II
DC Substitution Function
GENERAL - MM04740079
Figure 2. Front and rear panel controls, connectors and indicators.
Figure 3. DC substitution and thermistor operating resistance measurement.
Equipment Used for DC Substitution
Calibrator accuracy specifications are 0.05%
Principle of Operation
Figure 4. Block diagram, model 8402B calibrator.
Figure 5. Schematic diagram, model 8402B calibrator.
Regulated Power Supply
Figure 6. Power supply schematic.
Thermistor Resistance Function
Figure 7. Thermistor resistance function.
Specifications - MM04740091
Exercises for Lesson 3 - MM04740092
Exercises for Lesson 3 cont'd - MM04740093
Exercises for Lesson 3 cont'd - MM04740094
Power Measurment Equipment Part III
Figure 1. NBS Type II Power Measurement System.
Location and Function
Table 1A. Specifications.
Table 1B. Reference Voltage Generator
Figure 2. Back panel designations and connectors.
Figure 3. Front panel controls, connectors, and indicators.
Figure 4. Front panel link positions.
Figure 5. Reading of divider dial.
Preliminary Operating Instructions
Measurement Procedure - MM04740105
Table 2. Values of K for Various Bolometer Mount Operating Resistances
Precision Power Stabilizer
Figure 7. Precision power stabilizer.
Precision 0-10 Volt DC Source
Figure 8. Precision 0-10 volt DC source.
Figure 9. Basic measurement system.
Precision Power Meter
Figure 10. Worst case DC measurement errors.
Bridge Circuit Description
Figure 11. B600 bridge amplifier schematic part 1
Figure 12. B600 bridge amplifier-schematic part 2.
Reference Generator Circuit Description
Reference Generator Circuit Description. cont'd - MM04740118
Figure 13. Reference generator amplifier.
Reference Generator Circuit Description. cont'd - MM04740120
15 Volt Power Supply Circuit Description
Figure 14. 15 volt power supply schematic.
Figure 15. M200 bridge mother board schematic.
Power Standards Set
Figure 16. V400A precision 10 volt power supply schematic.
Power Standards Set cont'd
Specifications - MM04740127
Table 4. Directional Couplers and Accuracy
Application
Exercise for Lesson 4 - MM04740130
Exercise for Lesson 4 cont'd - MM04740131
Exercise for Lesson 4 cont'd - MM04740132
Power Measurement Techniques
Figure 1. Typical power measurement connection.
Procedure
Range and Tracking
Power Measurement Using H-P 431C Power Meter
Figure 3. Model 8477A power meter calibrator.
Meter accuracy
Calibration Factor
Meter linearity
Figure 5. Zero carryover test setup.
Recorder Output Test
Equipment connections
Figure 6. SRS thermistor mount calibration.
Determining "Kb" factor
Table 3. Equipment Required.
Table 4. Accessories Required.
Figure 7. Calibration factor - equipment setup
Transfer Calibration Technique cont'd
Figure 9. Calibration factor - equipment setup
Reference Calibration Technique
Reference Calibration Technique cont'd
Figure 11. Thermistor mount calibrator factor (18 to 40-GHz reference techniques)
Summary - MM04740156
Exercise for Lesson 5
Exercise for Lesson 5 cont'd - MM04740158
Exercise for Lesson 5 cont'd - MM04740159
Approved Solution - MM04740160
Approved Solution cont'd - MM04740161
Power Measurements
Introduction to Power Measurement
The Nature of Microwave Power and Power Measurements
Figure 1. Power Wave Forms
Methods of Measurement
Special Equipment for High Power Measurement
Special Equipment for High Power Measurement cont'd
Exercises for Lesson 1 - MM04740012
Exercises for Lesson 1 cont'd - MM04740013
Power Measurements Equipment, Part I
Figure 1. Model 431C power meter
Table 1. Specifications
Table 2. Model 431C Thermistor Mounts
Controls, Connectors, and Indicators
Figure 2. Front and Rear Panel Controls, Connectors, and Indicators
Figure 3. Turn On and Nulling Procedure.
Mismatch Error
Figure 4. Conjugate Mismatch-Loss Chart.
Figure 5. Expanded Conjugate Mismatch-Loss Chart Covering
Figure 6. Limits of Error Before Correction.
Calibration Factor and Effective Efficiency - MM04740025
Calibration Factor cont'd
Figure 7. Total Uncertainty After Correction.
Block Diagram
Figure 8. Block Diagram, Model 431C.
Figure 9. RF Detection Bridge.
Compensation and Metering Bridge Circuit
Synchronous Detector
Figure 11. Synchronous Detector.
Fiwgure 12. Feedback Differential Amplifier.
Figure 13. Feedback Current Generator.
Figure 14. Meter Circuit.
Figure 15. DC Calibration and Substitution.
Figure 16. Power Switch Arrangement.
Figure 17. Model 432A Power Meter.
Table 3. Specifications.
Introduction - MM04740041
Figure 18. Front Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators.
Figure 19. Rear Panel Controls and Connectors.
Figure 20. Turn On and Zeroing Procedure.
Microwave Power Measurement Accuracy
Calibration Factor and Effective Efficiency - MM04740046
Measurement Procedure - MM04740047
Figure 21. Precision Power Measurements.
Functional Block Diagram
Figure 23. Model 432A Block Diagram.
Functional Block Diagram. cont'd - MM04740051
Functional Block Diagram. cont'd - MM04740052
Functional Block Diagram. cont'd - MM04740053
Figure 24A. Model 432A RF bridge talking schematic.
Figure 24B. Model 432A bridge talking schematic
Figure 25A. Model 432A meter logic talking schematic.
Figure 25B. Model 432A meter logic talking schematic.
Figure 26. Model 432A power supply talking schematic.
Figure 26B. Model 432A power supply talking schematic.
Model 478A Thermistor Mount
Table 5. Specifications, model 478A.
Figure 27. Maximum power meter reading versus PRF
Figure 29. Maximum power meter reading versus square
Figure 30. Schematic diagram of a model 478A thermistor
Precautions - MM04740065
Maximum Input
Figure 31. Maximum power meter reading versus PRF for pulses shorter than 250
Figure 33. Maximum power meter reading versus square and sine-wave modulation frequency
Power Measurement
Effective Efficiency
Thermoelectric Effect Error
Maintenance
Exercise for Lesson 2 - MM04740073
Exercise for Lesson 2 - MM04740074
Exercise for Lesson 2 cont'd - MM04740075
Exercise for Lesson 2 cont'd - MM04740076
Power Measurement Equipment II
DC Substitution Function
GENERAL - MM04740079
Figure 2. Front and rear panel controls, connectors and indicators.
Figure 3. DC substitution and thermistor operating resistance measurement.
Equipment Used for DC Substitution
Calibrator accuracy specifications are 0.05%
Principle of Operation
Figure 4. Block diagram, model 8402B calibrator.
Figure 5. Schematic diagram, model 8402B calibrator.
Regulated Power Supply
Figure 6. Power supply schematic.
Thermistor Resistance Function
Figure 7. Thermistor resistance function.
Specifications - MM04740091
Exercises for Lesson 3 - MM04740092
Exercises for Lesson 3 cont'd - MM04740093
Exercises for Lesson 3 cont'd - MM04740094
Power Measurment Equipment Part III
Figure 1. NBS Type II Power Measurement System.
Location and Function
Table 1A. Specifications.
Table 1B. Reference Voltage Generator
Figure 2. Back panel designations and connectors.
Figure 3. Front panel controls, connectors, and indicators.
Figure 4. Front panel link positions.
Figure 5. Reading of divider dial.
Preliminary Operating Instructions
Measurement Procedure - MM04740105
Table 2. Values of K for Various Bolometer Mount Operating Resistances
Precision Power Stabilizer
Figure 7. Precision power stabilizer.
Precision 0-10 Volt DC Source
Figure 8. Precision 0-10 volt DC source.
Figure 9. Basic measurement system.
Precision Power Meter
Figure 10. Worst case DC measurement errors.
Bridge Circuit Description
Figure 11. B600 bridge amplifier schematic part 1
Figure 12. B600 bridge amplifier-schematic part 2.
Reference Generator Circuit Description
Reference Generator Circuit Description. cont'd - MM04740118
Figure 13. Reference generator amplifier.
Reference Generator Circuit Description. cont'd - MM04740120
15 Volt Power Supply Circuit Description
Figure 14. 15 volt power supply schematic.
Figure 15. M200 bridge mother board schematic.
Power Standards Set
Figure 16. V400A precision 10 volt power supply schematic.
Power Standards Set cont'd
Specifications - MM04740127
Table 4. Directional Couplers and Accuracy
Application
Exercise for Lesson 4 - MM04740130
Exercise for Lesson 4 cont'd - MM04740131
Exercise for Lesson 4 cont'd - MM04740132
Power Measurement Techniques
Figure 1. Typical power measurement connection.
Procedure
Range and Tracking
Power Measurement Using H-P 431C Power Meter
Figure 3. Model 8477A power meter calibrator.
Meter accuracy
Calibration Factor
Meter linearity
Figure 5. Zero carryover test setup.
Recorder Output Test
Equipment connections
Figure 6. SRS thermistor mount calibration.
Determining "Kb" factor
Table 3. Equipment Required.
Table 4. Accessories Required.
Figure 7. Calibration factor - equipment setup
Transfer Calibration Technique cont'd
Figure 9. Calibration factor - equipment setup
Reference Calibration Technique
Reference Calibration Technique cont'd
Figure 11. Thermistor mount calibrator factor (18 to 40-GHz reference techniques)
Summary - MM04740156
Exercise for Lesson 5
Exercise for Lesson 5 cont'd - MM04740158
Exercise for Lesson 5 cont'd - MM04740159
Approved Solution - MM04740160
Approved Solution cont'd - MM04740161
Power Measurements
